By: Olivia Brown

Fast-moving wildfires, like those that continue ravaging LA, leave devastation in their wake—not just homes or landscapes. They often cause severe burns that require careful and immediate medical attention. Wildfire burns present unique challenges for treatment because they’re frequently deep, contaminated, and involve inhalation injuries. 

Further exacerbating the dangerous outcomes of wildfire burns are the logistical considerations. Those exposed to wildfire are generally fleeing, fighting the fire, or caught unawares, and access to immediate medical care may be challenging.

Without proper care, wildfire burn injuries can lead to infection, long-term complications, or even death. Dr. Bardia Anvar, noted surgeon, wound care specialist, and founder of Skilled Wound Care, explores the essential factors in managing wildfire burns, addressing wound care’s critical role after such disasters.

Injuries from Wildfires

Wildfire burns are one of the devastating outcomes of uncontrolled fires that spread rapidly through dry terrain. Victims of wildfires often suffer burns caused by extreme heat, flames, and smoke. 

“The severity of wildfire burns is unique in that they frequently happen in chaotic environments where people can’t escape the fire quickly and are exposed longer,” says Dr. Bardia Anvar. “Delayed care comes with the natural evacuation patterns, which can compound the risk to the patient. Medical attention must be prioritized whenever possible.” 

Burn severity depends on various factors, including exposure duration and proximity to the flames. Proper wound care is essential to prevent complications and support recovery. Wildfires may cause different types of burns depending on the source of injury. 

First-degree burns are the least severe and affect only the outer layer of the skin. Symptoms include redness, mild swelling, and pain, similar to a sunburn. While first-degree burns may not seem serious, constant irritation from smoke or debris can slow healing without proper care. 

Second-degree burns extend deeper, damaging the outer layer (epidermis) and the layer underneath (dermis). They cause intense pain, blistering, and moist, red skin. Second-degree burns often arise from brief exposure to flames or embers in wildfire situations. More extensive or improperly treated second-degree burns can lead to scarring or infection. 

Third-degree burns are the most severe burns and destroy both skin layers and underlying tissues. The affected area may look charred with black, white, or waxy skin. Strikingly, third-degree burns might not cause initial pain in some cases due to nerve damage. These burns demand immediate medical care and often require surgery, such as skin grafts. 

Wildfires frequently cause third-degree burns from prolonged exposure to high heat or direct contact with flames. Recognizing a burn type is critical in determining treatment urgency and steps for recovery.

A dangerous combination of heat, prolonged contact, and smoke exposure can make wildfire injuries life-threatening. Wildfires produce extreme heat surpassing 1,000°F, causing severe tissue damage in seconds. Direct exposure to intense heat increases the likelihood of deeper burns that destroy multiple skin layers. 

In wildfire situations, people may be unable to escape quickly, increasing their exposure to harmful conditions. Prolonged exposure to heat, smoke, and toxic gases can worsen burns and strain the respiratory system. Inhaling hot air or harmful chemicals may cause airway swelling and breathing difficulties. These factors can contribute to more severe physical injuries.

Additional challenges, such as clothing flammability, limited medical access, and the impact of adrenaline during such events, can further complicate the situation. Staying mindful of physical needs during a wildfire can help individuals prioritize their safety and well-being.

Initial Steps After a Wildfire Burn

When faced with burns caused by wildfires, taking immediate and appropriate action can make a significant difference in recovery. 

Notes Dr. Anvar, “If you are exposed to a wildfire, seeking medical treatment should be a top priority. When burns are addressed early, the likelihood of a positive patient outcome increases. Patients are prone to justify delaying care based on the more severe needs of others, but medical teams are prepared to triage and treat.”

Taking the proper steps after a burn injury can help address pain, reduce discomfort, and prepare for medical care. One of the most essential actions is cooling the affected area as soon as possible. Cooling can help ease pain and prevent further heat from spreading in the tissue.

Cool, running water for at least 10 minutes is a practical and effective approach. If running water isn’t available, a clean, damp cloth can be used temporarily. Acting promptly to cool the burn can make it easier to care for the injury during recovery.

After cooling, protecting the wound becomes the next priority. Burns expose the skin to potential infections, especially in environments filled with ash or debris, as commonly seen in wildfire situations. Covering the wound with a sterile, non-stick dressing is the safest way to shield it from bacteria and dirt.

If sterile dressings aren’t available, a clean sheet or cloth can be used temporarily. It’s essential to avoid dressings that stick to the wound, as removing them later can tear the healing skin. Additionally, make sure the material is breathable to allow moisture to escape, which helps in natural healing. Properly covering the wound protects it and prevents further injury from external elements.

Missteps in burn care can sometimes unintentionally worsen the injury, so it’s important to be cautious about what not to do. Avoid using ice or ice water on burns, as extreme cold can be harmful, and steer clear of ointments or creams that might trap heat in the wound.

A healthcare professional best handles blisters and other burn symptoms to ensure proper care. Taking careful steps can help support the healing process and reduce the risk of complications.

Challenges in Treating Wildfire Burns

Treating wildfire burns presents significant challenges due to the chaotic nature of fire-related emergencies and the complexity of burn injuries. Beyond surface wounds, victims often suffer from inhalation injuries caused by smoke and toxic gases, which can lead to severe respiratory complications. 

These injuries may not be immediately visible but require urgent medical attention, including oxygen therapy or intubation. The presence of harmful gases like carbon monoxide and cyanide further complicates treatment, making close monitoring in specialized burn units essential.

“Burn wounds are highly susceptible to infection, especially in wildfire environments filled with ash, debris, and airborne contaminants,” says Dr. Anvar.

With the skin’s protective barrier compromised, bacteria and fungi can easily infiltrate exposed tissue, increasing the risk of sepsis. Challenges like these make prioritizing your care of utmost importance.

Wildfire burns require prompt and meticulous care to prevent worsening outcomes. Communities must prioritize preparedness, education, and access to resources to tackle wildfires’ unique challenges. By improving response measures and understanding burn care fundamentals, survivors and caregivers can foster recovery and resilience in the face of future disasters.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider for any questions regarding medical conditions or treatment options, especially in emergency situations. The information provided is based on general guidelines and should not be used as a replacement for expert care tailored to individual circumstances.

Published by Stephanie M.